Fiber optics is becoming the backbone of most commercial and industrial network infrastructure. The increased data bandwidth, immunity to electromagnetic interference, larger transmission distance capability, improved latency, and better security is encouraging many network administrators to make the transition from copper cables to fiber optic cable networks. While this means physically removing the existing cables and investing in superior equipment, the cost of installation is nothing compared to the benefits of the actual network. By opting for pre-terminated fiber optic cables, you bring down the installation costs even more.
This article will educate you about the different tips to keep in mind during Fiber Optic Cable Termination, Installation, and Testing.
Fiber Optic Cable Termination
Unlike field terminating copper cables, fiber optic cable termination requires additional tools and precision apparatus. The termination needs to be perfect as any inconsistency can affect the performance of the network and would lead to again terminating the corrupted cable. Some of the tips to keep in mind during fiber optic cable termination are:
1) Check the connectors
Copper cables only have RJ45 connector type and this made the termination process easy. In the case of fiber optics, there are multiple connector types available such as LC, SC, ST, MTRJ, depending on the type of communication:
1) Simplex Mode
2) Duplex Mode
Since terminations are permanent in nature, it is vital to ensure that you are using the right set of connectors.
2) Have all the Right Tools
Fiber optic cable installation requires you to have specialized tools to strip the external coat, cut the Kevlar, and strip the support or covering. Additionally, protective glasses, a fiber removal container, connectors, fiber optic link, epoxy and needles (or Anaerobic glue), and cleaning film. Always ensure that you have all the right tools in hand before initiating a fiber termination process.
3) Go for a pre-terminated Fiber optic cable
When placing bulk orders for fiber optic cables, it is better to opt for pre-terminated cables. This allows you to receive fiber optic cables that save you the hassle of field terminations, the cost of precision tools, and the troubles of testing the terminations. You can be assured of the quality of the cables and move directly towards installation. You save money on hiring technicians for the terminations and reduce the overall installation time as well.
Fiber Optic Installation
Pulling fiber optic cables through tight ducts, connecting patch cords to terminals, calculating thermal expansion and contractions for sag in outdoor installations, and ensuring suitable water and dust sealing for overhead or subterranean installations are some of the steps involved in fiber optic installation. Some pointers to bear in mind when installing fiber optics.
1) Never directly pull on the fiber itself.
The strength member of fiber optic cables is either Kevlar aramid yarn or a fiberglass mesh. It protects the inner lying core from mechanical stress and any pressure and so, you should only tug using the fiber cable's strength members!
2) Never exceed the maximum pulling load rating.
Use the correct lubricants for long installations, and make sure they're compatible with the cable jacket. Know and follow the cable's maximum recommended load rating and pull from the center out to both ends on particularly lengthy runs. Use an automated puller with tension control, or at the very least a breakaway pulling eye, if possible.
3) Never exceed the cable bend radius.
When pulled straight, fiber is stronger than steel, yet it breaks readily when bent too tightly.
These may damage the fibers if not instantly but over a longer time, and then cable must be removed and discarded!
4) Use Innerduct
Indoor wires can be run straight through the innerduct, although you may want to consider running them via the innerduct. Innerduct is a great method to detect fiber optic cable and protect it from damage, which is usually caused by someone cutting it by accident! The innerduct can be purchased with pulling tape already fitted.
5) Plan the Installation.
Make a precise, documented installation plan. By just developing this strategy, you can eliminate 95% of the difficulties that installers may face. Equipment and supplies, fiber cable specifications, equipment placement, testing needs, data forms for testing, staff experience level and assignment, installation procedures, identification of possible problem areas, safety concerns, and so on should all be included in the plan.
Fiber Optic Cable Testing
The biggest cause of signal loss across fiber optic connectors is contamination. Poor installation practices in pathways and enclosures can also affect the signal loss of the fiber. So, it is important to test your fiber optic cable after installation to ensure proper network operation.
1) Inspect with field microscopes
A good field microscope should be used to check each connection. The minimum magnification for multimode fiber should be 100x. The minimum magnification for single-mode fiber should be 200x. To preserve the connection from dirt or damage, quickly cover it with a clean dust cap after checking it.
2) Test for basic continuity
You're also in charge of using a simple fiber optic continuity tester to examine the fiber link's continuity. A soft ferrule gripping membrane should be included in the continuity tester to preserve the completed ferrules while securely retaining the connection in the tester body. You could also wish to use a visible laser-light source tester to inspect the jacket's integrity and discover cladding fractures throughout the full length of the connection.
Summarize
Finally, you're in charge of ensuring a safe and productive work environment while offering high-quality consistent craftsmanship and functional network infrastructure. You may achieve all of these goals and take pleasure in your job by getting the correct instruments, purchasing pre-terminated fiber optic cables, learning the right skills, and getting in-depth instruction on proper processes.
